![]() The greater the effective nuclear charge, the more strongly the outermost electrons are attracted to the nucleus and the smaller the atomic radius.Ītomic radii decrease from left to right across a row and increase from top to bottom down a column. ![]() For all elements except H, the effective nuclear charge is always less than the actual nuclear charge because of shielding effects. Identify the Mg2+ ion from the Fig.4.1, where n and p represent the number of neutrons and protons respectively.\( \newcommand\)) experienced by electrons in the outermost orbitals of the elements.What changes take place in the electronic configurations of sodium and chlorine during the formation of sodium chloride? (d) Write any two properties of ionic compounds. (a) Give the electronic configurations of sodium and chlorine.(b)Write the electron-dot structures for sodium and chlorine atoms.(c) Describe the formation of sodium chloride from sodium and chlorine by the transfer of electrons.The electronic configuration of four particles A, B, C and D are given below:A 2,8,8 B 2,8,2 C 2,6 D 2,8 Which electronic configuration represents: (i) Magnesium atom?(ii) Oxygen atom?(iii) Sodium ion?(iv) Chloride ion?.(a) What is an ion? Explain with examples.(b) What is the nature of charge on (i) a cation, and (ii) an anion? (c) Name the cation and anion present in MgCl2.What is the number of electrons in the ion?(a) 13 (b) 10 (c) 14 (d) 16 The mass number of atom of this element is 27 and the number of neutrons is 14. The ion of an element has 3 positive charges.The atom of an element X contains 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons whereas the atom of an element Y contains 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons.(a) What type of ion will be formed by an atom of element X ? Write the symbol of the ion formed.(b) What will be the number of (i) protons (ii) electrons, and (iii) neutrons, in the ion formed from X?(c) What type of ion will be formed by an atom of element Y ? Write the symbol of the ion formed.(d) What will be the number of (i) protons (ii) electrons, and (iii) neutrons, in the ion formed from Y?(e) What is the atomic mass of (i) X, and (ii) Y?(f) What could the elements X and Y be?.What is the number of electrons in the ion?13101416 Mass number of the atom is 27 and the number of neutrons is 14. Show diagrammatically the electron distributions in a sodium atom and a sodium ion and also give their atomic number.(a) What is an ion ? How is an ion formed ? Explain with the help of two examples of different ions.(b) The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below : Ion Valency (Charge) Ion Valency (Charge)Sodium ion 1+ Bromide ion 1–Ammonium ion 1+ Hydroxide ion 1–Calcium ion 2+ Sulphate ion 2–Lead ion 2+ Phosphate ion 3–Using this information, write down the formulae of the following compounds :(i) Sodium phosphate(ii) Ammonium sulphate(iii) Calcium hydroxide(iv) Lead bromide.State whether the following statements are true or false :(a) A sodium ion has positive charge because it has more protons than a neutral atom.(b) A chloride ion has negative charge because it has more electrons than a neutral atom.(a) What is the difference between a cation and an anion ? Explain with examples.(b) The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below : Ion Valency (Charge) Ion Valency (Charge)Sodium ion 1+ Nitrate ion 1–Copper ion 2+ Sulphide ion 2–Using this information, write down the formulae of :(i) Sodium sulphide(ii) Copper nitrate.What is the number of valence electrons in :(a) sodium ion, Na+(b) oxide ion, O2–.
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